Cultural services, as key drivers of economic and social development, require continuous improvement in their management system. Despite the importance of these services, the lack of a documented scientific framework for identifying, prioritizing challenges, and providing appropriate solutions in this area is evident. The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying and prioritizing challenges in religious propaganda management. In this regard, using the content analysis method and conducting 32 semi-structured interviews, 105 basic themes, 42 organizing themes, and 13 overarching themes were extracted as the main challenges in religious propaganda management. Then, using the fuzzy cognitive mapping method, these challenges were prioritized and the level of effectiveness, impact, and degree of centrality of each were determined. The results showed that the lack of an efficient evaluation system, weakness in maintaining and developing the market, lack of cost and structure efficiency, and lack of diversity are among the important challenges in this field. The framework resulting from this research can be used as a strategic action guide for policymakers and activists in the field of religious propaganda management and play an effective role in synergy and increasing the efficiency of this system.