Milad Mousavi Haghshenas; ff ff
Abstract
Given the unparalleled, extensive, and ever-increasing capabilities of cyberspace, ethical rules seem to be undeniably necessary for such a space. Benefiting from the role of social responsibilities and defining relevant codes are among the neglected capacities to organize and develop ethics in cyberspace. ...
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Given the unparalleled, extensive, and ever-increasing capabilities of cyberspace, ethical rules seem to be undeniably necessary for such a space. Benefiting from the role of social responsibilities and defining relevant codes are among the neglected capacities to organize and develop ethics in cyberspace. Based on the grounded theory (GT) and mixed methods, semi-structured interviews were first conducted with the experts of communications in this study to extract their proposed social responsibility codes for cyberspace. Then a questionnaire was employed to carry out a survey to evaluate the priorities of those codes from the perspective of Tehran citizens. It is important to devise a prioritization system because it can be used by decision-makers and executives to formulate policies, set rules, and make strategic plans. According to the research results, the proposed social responsibility codes were classified into ten categories: “social relationships”, “privacy, protection, and security”, “family and children”, “e-advertisement and e-commerce”, “unprofessional, annoying, and harmful measures and techniques”, “media literacy”, “content creation”, “intellectual property”, “right to access”, and “Internet service and bandwidth”. From the perspective of cyberspace users in Tehran, social responsibility codes of “social relationships”, “e-advertisement and e-commerce” and “privacy, protection, and security” were the top priorities.
Amin Amirhoseiny; Mohammad Reza Borzoioo
Abstract
Removal reasons of liability is circumstance in which the conditions, the person who makes loss is not responsible for compensation. These conditions in civil liability is divided to legitimate defense, rule of law or competent authority, pride, coercion, reluctance and exigency. Forcible strength is ...
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Removal reasons of liability is circumstance in which the conditions, the person who makes loss is not responsible for compensation. These conditions in civil liability is divided to legitimate defense, rule of law or competent authority, pride, coercion, reluctance and exigency. Forcible strength is from the events which totally destroys causality relationship, and therefore does not fit in the discussion of justificatory reasons or exempted conditions, because the causes of Justification, causal relationship between the harmful act and harmful factor is verified. Now the important question is this if mass media harm individuals and attribute the harm to the causes like coercion, exigency based on act and etc. is it possible to ask them for compensation? Therefore due to the above reasons, there is no responsibility for person who makes loss, but it must be admitted that the situation in the area of civil liability of the media is slightly different from what is basically mentioned in civil liability. In this article using the analytical- descriptive method trying answer these question that in Iran‘s legal system what factors can be considered to be the factors which can remove civil liability of mass media? And as an answer to this question the removal causes of civil liability of media is mentioned and described within 7 title including task or legal authority of media, judicial or administrative orders of a superior officer, expressing criticism and constructive comments, coercion and reluctance, urgency Under certain conditions, the act of person against himself, and pride.
