Mahmoud Shahabi; Mohammad Ali Ghaempour
Abstract
In this study, which was based on a quantitative (descriptive-survey) method, we have tried to examine the extent/ measures of the cultural boundaries and crossing between different lifestyle groups in Tehran. The statistical population included all citizens of Tehran who were 16 years old and up. The ...
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In this study, which was based on a quantitative (descriptive-survey) method, we have tried to examine the extent/ measures of the cultural boundaries and crossing between different lifestyle groups in Tehran. The statistical population included all citizens of Tehran who were 16 years old and up. The sample size included 625 who were selected by cluster multistage method. A questionnaire tool was used to collect data. The Cronbach's alpha rate of the questionnaire exceeded from 93%. Based on the data and factor analysis method, five types of lifestyle were obtained: "unprofessional", "unfit", "devious", "religious", "favorable". In Tehran, these five types of lifestyles are the basis of boundaries, cultural exchange, and the interactions of individuals. The results showed that the degree of cultural boundary and crossing was different from the types of lifestyle groups among Tehran residents. Also, the degree of cultural boundary and crossing over of lifestyle groups varies according to the individual characteristics of social actors such as social class, age, gender, education, and so on. For example :Higher social classes compared to lower social classes, high educated people compared to low educated people, men compared to women, residents in higher clusters relative to residents in lower clusters, Tehrani compared to non-Tehrani, younger people compared to middle-aged and older, divorced and single compared to married and deceased spouses cross cultural-social boundaries more. The significance level of all results was more than 99% and all hypotheses have been confirmed.
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Volume 13, Issue 17 , May 2012, , Pages 121-162
Abstract
Background: The study aims to explore suicide bombing attack as a media event and extends it to suicide bombing attacks carried out in the South-East of Iran. Methodology: The present work is an ideographic qualitative study, which has been designed based on the communicative model of Suicide Bombing ...
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Background: The study aims to explore suicide bombing attack as a media event and extends it to suicide bombing attacks carried out in the South-East of Iran. Methodology: The present work is an ideographic qualitative study, which has been designed based on the communicative model of Suicide Bombing Attack as a Media Event and examines encoding process of militant Jundallah group, an Iranian extremist Sunni group, in its suicide bombing attacks. Qualitative contextual thematic analysis was applied on the group statements to understand concepts and meanings of its political violence discourse, and explore main discursive themes and elements of these social contexts. Results: Since December 2008, militant Jundallah group entered a new period in fight with Iranian central government and it carried out five suicide bombing attacks in Balochistan province, in the South-East of Iran. The attacks were carried out in religious dates and sites related to resident Shiite minority in the region (3 attacks), and on armed forces of the central government (2 attacks). The main themes of the group`s formal statements included weakening of the central government, taking revenge, autonomy of Balochistan province and establishing a regional government, defending Sunni religious beliefs, and also considering resident Shiite minority as alien. Discussion: Political violence discourse of Jundallah group is a meaningful system, which reflects the regional position of this group as savior of Sunni Balochi people in contrast with the central Shiite government and in an international affirmative atmosphere. According to this definition, Jundallah group draws its utopia on Balochistan province which will be autonomic within Iran`s boundaries, politically; and demographically, it will have a united Sunni Balochi population; economically, it will be the center of Asian economy; and religiously, it will give complete religious freedom to Sunnis. To reach these perspectives, the group uses two strategies in carrying out suicide bombing attacks including attacking the government's representatives and agents also Shiite minority; and threatening, terrifying and persuading them to leave the region. As the last point, in order to control this crisis, armed confrontation cannot be solely adequate and modifying cultural and ethnic policies are necessitated in the region. This encourages negotiation to substitute bombing words with peaceful dialogues.
